3.2.1 INSERT
3.2.1.1 Syntax
正常情况下,INSERT只支持下面2种写法。
INSERT
[INTO] tbl_name
[(col_name [, col_name] ...)]
{ {VALUES | VALUE} (value_list) [, (value_list)] ... }
[ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE assignment_list]
INSERT
[INTO] tbl_name
SET assignment_list
[ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE assignment_list]
value:
{expr | DEFAULT}
value_list:
value [, value] ...
assignment:
col_name =
value
assignment_list:
assignment [, assignment] ...
特殊情况下,支持下面这种写法。特殊场景参看下文细节
INSERT
[INTO] tbl_name
[(col_name [, col_name] ...)]
{ SELECT ...
| TABLE table_name
}
[ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE assignment_list]
assignment:
col_name =
value
assignment_list:
assignment [, assignment] ...
3.2.1.2 与MySQL语法区别
下文中红色表示不支持的语法或关键字
INSERT
- [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE]
[INTO] tbl_name
- [PARTITION (partition_name [, partition_name] ...)]
[(col_name [, col_name] ...)]
{ {VALUES | VALUE} (value_list) [, (value_list)] ... }
- [AS row_alias[(col_alias [, col_alias] ...)]]
[ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE assignment_list]
INSERT
- [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE]
[INTO] tbl_name
- [PARTITION (partition_name [, partition_name] ...)]
SET assignment_list
- [AS row_alias[(col_alias [, col_alias] ...)]]
[ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE assignment_list]
INSERT
- [LOW_PRIORITY | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE]
[INTO] tbl_name
- [PARTITION (partition_name [, partition_name] ...)]
[(col_name [, col_name] ...)]
{ SELECT ...
| TABLE table_name
- | VALUES row_constructor_list
}
[ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE assignment_list]
value:
{expr | DEFAULT}
value_list:
value [, value] ...
-row_constructor_list:
- ROW(value_list)[, ROW(value_list)][, ...]
assignment:
col_name =
value
- | [row_alias.]col_name
- | [tbl_name.]col_name
- | [row_alias.]col_alias
assignment_list:
assignment [, assignment] ...
3.2.1.3 举例
insert into test (col1,col3) values(1,'cust1'),(2,'cust2');
insert into test (col1,col3) values(default,'cust3');
insert into test set col1=4,col3='cust4';
insert into test set col1=default,col3='cust5';
insert into test (col1,col3) values(default,cast(now() as char));
3.2.1.4 限制
在插入ER关系的子表时,每个语句只允许插入一个ROW
全局序列在插入时不允许指定值,全部由dble序列生成
对于含有枚举类型的分片表,比如表结构:CREATE TABLE `test` (`id` enum('1','2','3') DEFAULT '1'),在插入id列时,既可以使用枚举值插入,也可以使用枚举值的下标,'1'的下标是1,以此类推。若用户以枚举值进行分片,但是插入时确使用枚举值下标,因为dble不会将下标转换为枚举值,所以分片会出现问题,详细可参考issue : https://github.com/actiontech/dble/issues/816。
存在特例,当
insert/replace... select
语句满足以下条件时,dble会在确保数据安全性的情况下对于SQL进行下发执行- 当插入目标是单节点表时,要求所有数据来源的表格都有明确的路由信息路由到同一节点
- 当插入目标是全局表时,要求所有的数据来源表格都是全局表,并且路由范围能够覆盖插入目标
- 当插入目标是分片表时,要求分片列的数据直接来源自拥有同样分片逻辑的分片表,并且对于select子查询中间的其他表格,要求能够子查询部分路由结果能整体下发,并且逻辑上无错误